Touchstone: Hematology: Introduction to BloodASSIGNMENT: In this unit, you will complete the lab titled Hematology: Introduction to Blood. Now it is time to write up your lab report describing the hyp Original Papers

Touchstone: Hematology: Introduction to BloodASSIGNMENT: In this unit, you will complete the lab titled Hematology: Introduction to Blood. Now it is time to write up your lab report describing the hypothesis and conclusions you drew from the lab experience. By completing the lab report, you will demonstrate your ability to do the following: 

• Describe the lab’s overall objective and make a hypothesis
• Introduce relevant background knowledge on the topic
• Summarize the steps taken in the lab simulation
• Explain any obtained results
• Discuss the conclusions and implications
• A. Directions

Step 1: Download and review the lab report file. Step 2: Complete the simulation and fill in each part of the lab report file as you work through the Activity. Prompts in the lab report will help you develop your responses. 

• Follow the process presented to you in the How to Write a Lab Report lesson to ensure you write a thorough lab report entry.
• Review the grading rubric (below) to make sure you have an understanding of how your lab report will be graded.

Step 3: Once you’ve completed the lab simulation and your lab report, review the submission requirements (below) and update your lab report to ensure it meets the recommended requirements. Step 4: Once your lab report template is complete, submit it for grading.

Refer to the checklist below throughout the Touchstone process. Do not submit your Touchstone until you meet these guidelines.

❒ Did you review the Lab Manual before starting the simulation?❒ Did you complete the lab simulation?❒ Did you refer to the lesson on How to Write a Lab Report? ❒ Did you complete all 5 sections of the Lab Report file?❒ Did you review the Touchstone rubric and compare it to your lab report❒ Did you submit the provided Lab Report file as your Touchstone for grading?

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Introduction

Blood is a very critical component of the human body. It is a connective tissue that comprises plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. The major role of blood in the human body is to transport oxygen to different parts, clotting, and immune defense. The main aim of this lab report is to carry out an examination of the composition of blood, identify microscopically, the cellular components, and appreciate the hematological functions that are crucial in establishing and checking health disorders. 

Overall objectives.

1. To examine the composition of blood, comprising plasma and other blood components.
2. To ascertain and discriminate blood cells by use of microscopic investigation.
3. To appreciate the physiological roles of different components of blood in oxygen transport, immunity, and blood clotting.
4. To correlate the hematological outcomes to medical conditions and disease diagnosis.

Hypothesis

1. Blood comprises plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
2. Blood cells can be discriminated using microscopic investigation
3. Blood plays the role of oxygen transport, immunity, and clotting in the human body
4. Hematological outcomes of blood are correlated with medical conditions and disease diagnosis.

Background knowledge

Hematology is a branch of medicine that deals with the study of blood, blood-forming organs which includes the bone marrow, and blood-related disorders with the corresponding diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Blood is a critical connective tissue that is made up of plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Its main purpose is to transport oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and excess products while playing a critical role in immunity and blood clotting. Hematology investigates the composition of blood, its functions, and maladies, critical for diagnosing and controlling different medical conditions.

Summary of steps taken during simulation

1. The first step is preparation. This includes gathering laboratory equipment like slides, lancets, reagents, and microscopes.
2. The second step is safety measures. In this case, the researcher is expected to wear personal protective equipment and adhere to set guidelines and protocols.
3. The third one is the collection of blood samples. In this case, samples of blood will be obtained using either a syringe or a sterile lancet.
4. This will be followed by sample preparation. A drop of blood will be placed on a slide for microscopic examination. This can also be done by mixing the blood sample with laboratory reagents.
5. This will also be followed by hemoglobin test. In this case, hemoglobin levels will be measured by use of a hemoglobinometer.
6. The next step is hematocrit determination. Here, the blood sample will be centrifuged in a capillary tube. This step aims at determining the packed cell volume (PCV).
7. The next step is white blood cell (WBC) Count. This will be done by use of hemocytometer.
8. The next one is blood smear and staining. In this case, a blood smear will be preapared and stained with Wright’s or Giemsa stain. An examination will be done under a microscope.
9. The other step is the platelet count. An assessment of platelet levels by use of hemocytometer will be done.
10. The last step is the recording and analysis of data. Observations will be documented, findings interpreted, and a comparison of results obtained with theoretical values made.

Discussion of obtained results

The findings of the hematology or blood introduction lab tests offered a critical understanding of the composition of blood and its function. Disparities in the levels of hemoglobin, hematocrit, and WBC counts are an indication of possible health conditions which include anemia, infection, and blood clotting disorders. Microscopic investigation of blood smears aided in the identification of cell morphology, ratifying regular or irregular results. Platelet counts determine efficiency in clotting efficiency, essential for the diagnosis of hemorrhage disorders.

Conclusions and implications

Hematological investigation is essential for identifying blood disorders, observing health, and controlling treatment decisions. Precise analysis of hemoglobin levels, WBC counts, and platelet function are critical in detecting conditions that include anemia, contaminations, and other problems associated with blood clotting. Such findings are significant due to their clinical inferences, inducing patient care and disease administration and management. Developments in automatic systems enhance analytical accuracy, facilitating quick detection and intervention, eventually enhancing healthcare aftermaths and minimizing impediments.

References

Daves, M., Roccaforte, V., Lombardi, F., Panella, R., Pastori, S., Spreafico, M., … & Piccin, A. (2024). Modern hematology analyzers: beyond the simple blood cell count (with focus on the red blood cells). Journal of Laboratory and Precision Medicine, 9.

Harmening, D. (2024). Clinical hematology and fundamentals of hemostasis. FA Davis.

Obeagu, E. I., & Akinleye, A. A. (2024). Blood Transfusion in HIV: Balancing Hematologic Benefits and Viral Risks. Lifeline Medicine, 2(2), 22-29.

Obeagu, E. I., & Obeagu, G. U. (2024). Hematological Changes Following Blood Transfusion in Young Children with Severe Malaria and HIV: A Critical Review. Elite Journal of Laboratory Medicine, 2(1), 33-45.